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//! An async multi-producer multi-consumer channel. //! //! There are two kinds of channels: //! //! 1. [Bounded][`bounded()`] channel with limited capacity. //! 2. [Unbounded][`unbounded()`] channel with unlimited capacity. //! //! A channel has the [`Sender`] and [`Receiver`] side. Both sides are cloneable and can be shared //! among multiple threads. //! //! When all [`Sender`]s or all [`Receiver`]s are dropped, the channel becomes closed. When a //! channel is closed, no more messages can be sent, but remaining messages can still be received. //! //! The channel can also be closed manually by calling [`Sender::close()`] or //! [`Receiver::close()`]. //! //! # Examples //! //! ``` //! # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { //! let (s, r) = async_channel::unbounded(); //! //! assert_eq!(s.send("Hello").await, Ok(())); //! assert_eq!(r.recv().await, Ok("Hello")); //! # }); //! ``` #![forbid(unsafe_code)] #![warn(missing_docs, missing_debug_implementations, rust_2018_idioms)] use std::error; use std::fmt; use std::future::Future; use std::pin::Pin; use std::process; use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering}; use std::sync::Arc; use std::task::{Context, Poll}; use std::usize; use concurrent_queue::{ConcurrentQueue, PopError, PushError}; use event_listener::{Event, EventListener}; use futures_core::stream::Stream; struct Channel<T> { /// Inner message queue. queue: ConcurrentQueue<T>, /// Send operations waiting while the channel is full. send_ops: Event, /// Receive operations waiting while the channel is empty and not closed. recv_ops: Event, /// Stream operations while the channel is empty and not closed. stream_ops: Event, /// The number of currently active `Sender`s. sender_count: AtomicUsize, /// The number of currently active `Receivers`s. receiver_count: AtomicUsize, } impl<T> Channel<T> { /// Closes the channel and notifies all blocked operations. /// /// Returns `true` if this call has closed the channel and it was not closed already. fn close(&self) -> bool { if self.queue.close() { // Notify all send operations. self.send_ops.notify(usize::MAX); // Notify all receive and stream operations. self.recv_ops.notify(usize::MAX); self.stream_ops.notify(usize::MAX); true } else { false } } } /// Creates a bounded channel. /// /// The created channel has space to hold at most `cap` messages at a time. /// /// # Panics /// /// Capacity must be a positive number. If `cap` is zero, this function will panic. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::{bounded, TryRecvError, TrySendError}; /// /// let (s, r) = bounded(1); /// /// assert_eq!(s.send(10).await, Ok(())); /// assert_eq!(s.try_send(20), Err(TrySendError::Full(20))); /// /// assert_eq!(r.recv().await, Ok(10)); /// assert_eq!(r.try_recv(), Err(TryRecvError::Empty)); /// # }); pub fn bounded<T>(cap: usize) -> (Sender<T>, Receiver<T>) { assert!(cap > 0, "capacity cannot be zero"); let channel = Arc::new(Channel { queue: ConcurrentQueue::bounded(cap), send_ops: Event::new(), recv_ops: Event::new(), stream_ops: Event::new(), sender_count: AtomicUsize::new(1), receiver_count: AtomicUsize::new(1), }); let s = Sender { channel: channel.clone(), }; let r = Receiver { channel, listener: None, }; (s, r) } /// Creates an unbounded channel. /// /// The created channel can hold an unlimited number of messages. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::{unbounded, TryRecvError}; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded(); /// /// assert_eq!(s.send(10).await, Ok(())); /// assert_eq!(s.send(20).await, Ok(())); /// /// assert_eq!(r.recv().await, Ok(10)); /// assert_eq!(r.recv().await, Ok(20)); /// assert_eq!(r.try_recv(), Err(TryRecvError::Empty)); /// # }); pub fn unbounded<T>() -> (Sender<T>, Receiver<T>) { let channel = Arc::new(Channel { queue: ConcurrentQueue::unbounded(), send_ops: Event::new(), recv_ops: Event::new(), stream_ops: Event::new(), sender_count: AtomicUsize::new(1), receiver_count: AtomicUsize::new(1), }); let s = Sender { channel: channel.clone(), }; let r = Receiver { channel, listener: None, }; (s, r) } /// The sending side of a channel. /// /// Senders can be cloned and shared among threads. When all senders associated with a channel are /// dropped, the channel becomes closed. /// /// The channel can also be closed manually by calling [`Sender::close()`]. pub struct Sender<T> { /// Inner channel state. channel: Arc<Channel<T>>, } impl<T> Sender<T> { /// Attempts to send a message into the channel. /// /// If the channel is full or closed, this method returns an error. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use async_channel::{bounded, TrySendError}; /// /// let (s, r) = bounded(1); /// /// assert_eq!(s.try_send(1), Ok(())); /// assert_eq!(s.try_send(2), Err(TrySendError::Full(2))); /// /// drop(r); /// assert_eq!(s.try_send(3), Err(TrySendError::Closed(3))); /// ``` pub fn try_send(&self, msg: T) -> Result<(), TrySendError<T>> { match self.channel.queue.push(msg) { Ok(()) => { // Notify a single blocked receive operation. If the notified operation then // receives a message or gets canceled, it will notify another blocked receive // operation. self.channel.recv_ops.notify(1); // Notify all blocked streams. self.channel.stream_ops.notify(usize::MAX); Ok(()) } Err(PushError::Full(msg)) => Err(TrySendError::Full(msg)), Err(PushError::Closed(msg)) => Err(TrySendError::Closed(msg)), } } /// Sends a message into the channel. /// /// If the channel is full, this method waits until there is space for a message. /// /// If the channel is closed, this method returns an error. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::{unbounded, SendError}; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded(); /// /// assert_eq!(s.send(1).await, Ok(())); /// drop(r); /// assert_eq!(s.send(2).await, Err(SendError(2))); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn send(&self, msg: T) -> Send<'_, T> { Send { sender: self, listener: None, msg: Some(msg), } } /// Closes the channel. /// /// Returns `true` if this call has closed the channel and it was not closed already. /// /// The remaining messages can still be received. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::{unbounded, RecvError}; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded(); /// assert_eq!(s.send(1).await, Ok(())); /// assert!(s.close()); /// /// assert_eq!(r.recv().await, Ok(1)); /// assert_eq!(r.recv().await, Err(RecvError)); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn close(&self) -> bool { self.channel.close() } /// Returns `true` if the channel is closed. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::{unbounded, RecvError}; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded::<()>(); /// assert!(!s.is_closed()); /// /// drop(r); /// assert!(s.is_closed()); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn is_closed(&self) -> bool { self.channel.queue.is_closed() } /// Returns `true` if the channel is empty. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::unbounded; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded(); /// /// assert!(s.is_empty()); /// s.send(1).await; /// assert!(!s.is_empty()); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.channel.queue.is_empty() } /// Returns `true` if the channel is full. /// /// Unbounded channels are never full. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::bounded; /// /// let (s, r) = bounded(1); /// /// assert!(!s.is_full()); /// s.send(1).await; /// assert!(s.is_full()); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn is_full(&self) -> bool { self.channel.queue.is_full() } /// Returns the number of messages in the channel. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::unbounded; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded(); /// assert_eq!(s.len(), 0); /// /// s.send(1).await; /// s.send(2).await; /// assert_eq!(s.len(), 2); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.channel.queue.len() } /// Returns the channel capacity if it's bounded. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use async_channel::{bounded, unbounded}; /// /// let (s, r) = bounded::<i32>(5); /// assert_eq!(s.capacity(), Some(5)); /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded::<i32>(); /// assert_eq!(s.capacity(), None); /// ``` pub fn capacity(&self) -> Option<usize> { self.channel.queue.capacity() } /// Returns the number of receivers for the channel. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::unbounded; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded::<()>(); /// assert_eq!(s.receiver_count(), 1); /// /// let r2 = r.clone(); /// assert_eq!(s.receiver_count(), 2); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn receiver_count(&self) -> usize { self.channel.receiver_count.load(Ordering::SeqCst) } /// Returns the number of senders for the channel. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::unbounded; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded::<()>(); /// assert_eq!(s.sender_count(), 1); /// /// let s2 = s.clone(); /// assert_eq!(s.sender_count(), 2); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn sender_count(&self) -> usize { self.channel.sender_count.load(Ordering::SeqCst) } } impl<T> Drop for Sender<T> { fn drop(&mut self) { // Decrement the sender count and close the channel if it drops down to zero. if self.channel.sender_count.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::AcqRel) == 1 { self.channel.close(); } } } impl<T> fmt::Debug for Sender<T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { write!(f, "Sender {{ .. }}") } } impl<T> Clone for Sender<T> { fn clone(&self) -> Sender<T> { let count = self.channel.sender_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed); // Make sure the count never overflows, even if lots of sender clones are leaked. if count > usize::MAX / 2 { process::abort(); } Sender { channel: self.channel.clone(), } } } /// The receiving side of a channel. /// /// Receivers can be cloned and shared among threads. When all receivers associated with a channel /// are dropped, the channel becomes closed. /// /// The channel can also be closed manually by calling [`Receiver::close()`]. /// /// Receivers implement the [`Stream`] trait. pub struct Receiver<T> { /// Inner channel state. channel: Arc<Channel<T>>, /// Listens for a send or close event to unblock this stream. listener: Option<EventListener>, } impl<T> Receiver<T> { /// Attempts to receive a message from the channel. /// /// If the channel is empty or closed, this method returns an error. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::{unbounded, TryRecvError}; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded(); /// assert_eq!(s.send(1).await, Ok(())); /// /// assert_eq!(r.try_recv(), Ok(1)); /// assert_eq!(r.try_recv(), Err(TryRecvError::Empty)); /// /// drop(s); /// assert_eq!(r.try_recv(), Err(TryRecvError::Closed)); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn try_recv(&self) -> Result<T, TryRecvError> { match self.channel.queue.pop() { Ok(msg) => { // Notify a single blocked send operation. If the notified operation then sends a // message or gets canceled, it will notify another blocked send operation. self.channel.send_ops.notify(1); Ok(msg) } Err(PopError::Empty) => Err(TryRecvError::Empty), Err(PopError::Closed) => Err(TryRecvError::Closed), } } /// Receives a message from the channel. /// /// If the channel is empty, this method waits until there is a message. /// /// If the channel is closed, this method receives a message or returns an error if there are /// no more messages. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::{unbounded, RecvError}; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded(); /// /// assert_eq!(s.send(1).await, Ok(())); /// drop(s); /// /// assert_eq!(r.recv().await, Ok(1)); /// assert_eq!(r.recv().await, Err(RecvError)); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn recv(&self) -> Recv<'_, T> { Recv { receiver: self, listener: None, } } /// Closes the channel. /// /// Returns `true` if this call has closed the channel and it was not closed already. /// /// The remaining messages can still be received. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::{unbounded, RecvError}; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded(); /// assert_eq!(s.send(1).await, Ok(())); /// /// assert!(r.close()); /// assert_eq!(r.recv().await, Ok(1)); /// assert_eq!(r.recv().await, Err(RecvError)); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn close(&self) -> bool { self.channel.close() } /// Returns `true` if the channel is closed. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::{unbounded, RecvError}; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded::<()>(); /// assert!(!r.is_closed()); /// /// drop(s); /// assert!(r.is_closed()); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn is_closed(&self) -> bool { self.channel.queue.is_closed() } /// Returns `true` if the channel is empty. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::unbounded; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded(); /// /// assert!(s.is_empty()); /// s.send(1).await; /// assert!(!s.is_empty()); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { self.channel.queue.is_empty() } /// Returns `true` if the channel is full. /// /// Unbounded channels are never full. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::bounded; /// /// let (s, r) = bounded(1); /// /// assert!(!r.is_full()); /// s.send(1).await; /// assert!(r.is_full()); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn is_full(&self) -> bool { self.channel.queue.is_full() } /// Returns the number of messages in the channel. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::unbounded; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded(); /// assert_eq!(r.len(), 0); /// /// s.send(1).await; /// s.send(2).await; /// assert_eq!(r.len(), 2); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn len(&self) -> usize { self.channel.queue.len() } /// Returns the channel capacity if it's bounded. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// use async_channel::{bounded, unbounded}; /// /// let (s, r) = bounded::<i32>(5); /// assert_eq!(r.capacity(), Some(5)); /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded::<i32>(); /// assert_eq!(r.capacity(), None); /// ``` pub fn capacity(&self) -> Option<usize> { self.channel.queue.capacity() } /// Returns the number of receivers for the channel. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::unbounded; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded::<()>(); /// assert_eq!(r.receiver_count(), 1); /// /// let r2 = r.clone(); /// assert_eq!(r.receiver_count(), 2); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn receiver_count(&self) -> usize { self.channel.receiver_count.load(Ordering::SeqCst) } /// Returns the number of senders for the channel. /// /// # Examples /// /// ``` /// # futures_lite::future::block_on(async { /// use async_channel::unbounded; /// /// let (s, r) = unbounded::<()>(); /// assert_eq!(r.sender_count(), 1); /// /// let s2 = s.clone(); /// assert_eq!(r.sender_count(), 2); /// # }); /// ``` pub fn sender_count(&self) -> usize { self.channel.sender_count.load(Ordering::SeqCst) } } impl<T> Drop for Receiver<T> { fn drop(&mut self) { // Decrement the receiver count and close the channel if it drops down to zero. if self.channel.receiver_count.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::AcqRel) == 1 { self.channel.close(); } } } impl<T> fmt::Debug for Receiver<T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { write!(f, "Receiver {{ .. }}") } } impl<T> Clone for Receiver<T> { fn clone(&self) -> Receiver<T> { let count = self.channel.receiver_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed); // Make sure the count never overflows, even if lots of receiver clones are leaked. if count > usize::MAX / 2 { process::abort(); } Receiver { channel: self.channel.clone(), listener: None, } } } impl<T> Stream for Receiver<T> { type Item = T; fn poll_next(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> { loop { // If this stream is listening for events, first wait for a notification. if let Some(listener) = self.listener.as_mut() { futures_core::ready!(Pin::new(listener).poll(cx)); self.listener = None; } loop { // Attempt to receive a message. match self.try_recv() { Ok(msg) => { // The stream is not blocked on an event - drop the listener. self.listener = None; return Poll::Ready(Some(msg)); } Err(TryRecvError::Closed) => { // The stream is not blocked on an event - drop the listener. self.listener = None; return Poll::Ready(None); } Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => {} } // Receiving failed - now start listening for notifications or wait for one. match self.listener.as_mut() { None => { // Create a listener and try sending the message again. self.listener = Some(self.channel.stream_ops.listen()); } Some(_) => { // Go back to the outer loop to poll the listener. break; } } } } } } impl<T> futures_core::stream::FusedStream for Receiver<T> { fn is_terminated(&self) -> bool { self.channel.queue.is_closed() && self.channel.queue.is_empty() } } /// An error returned from [`Sender::send()`]. /// /// Received because the channel is closed. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)] pub struct SendError<T>(pub T); impl<T> SendError<T> { /// Unwraps the message that couldn't be sent. pub fn into_inner(self) -> T { self.0 } } impl<T> error::Error for SendError<T> {} impl<T> fmt::Debug for SendError<T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { write!(f, "SendError(..)") } } impl<T> fmt::Display for SendError<T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { write!(f, "sending into a closed channel") } } /// An error returned from [`Sender::try_send()`]. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)] pub enum TrySendError<T> { /// The channel is full but not closed. Full(T), /// The channel is closed. Closed(T), } impl<T> TrySendError<T> { /// Unwraps the message that couldn't be sent. pub fn into_inner(self) -> T { match self { TrySendError::Full(t) => t, TrySendError::Closed(t) => t, } } /// Returns `true` if the channel is full but not closed. pub fn is_full(&self) -> bool { match self { TrySendError::Full(_) => true, TrySendError::Closed(_) => false, } } /// Returns `true` if the channel is closed. pub fn is_closed(&self) -> bool { match self { TrySendError::Full(_) => false, TrySendError::Closed(_) => true, } } } impl<T> error::Error for TrySendError<T> {} impl<T> fmt::Debug for TrySendError<T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { match *self { TrySendError::Full(..) => write!(f, "Full(..)"), TrySendError::Closed(..) => write!(f, "Closed(..)"), } } } impl<T> fmt::Display for TrySendError<T> { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { match *self { TrySendError::Full(..) => write!(f, "sending into a full channel"), TrySendError::Closed(..) => write!(f, "sending into a closed channel"), } } } /// An error returned from [`Receiver::recv()`]. /// /// Received because the channel is empty and closed. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Debug)] pub struct RecvError; impl error::Error for RecvError {} impl fmt::Display for RecvError { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { write!(f, "receiving from an empty and closed channel") } } /// An error returned from [`Receiver::try_recv()`]. #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Debug)] pub enum TryRecvError { /// The channel is empty but not closed. Empty, /// The channel is empty and closed. Closed, } impl TryRecvError { /// Returns `true` if the channel is empty but not closed. pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool { match self { TryRecvError::Empty => true, TryRecvError::Closed => false, } } /// Returns `true` if the channel is empty and closed. pub fn is_closed(&self) -> bool { match self { TryRecvError::Empty => false, TryRecvError::Closed => true, } } } impl error::Error for TryRecvError {} impl fmt::Display for TryRecvError { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result { match *self { TryRecvError::Empty => write!(f, "receiving from an empty channel"), TryRecvError::Closed => write!(f, "receiving from an empty and closed channel"), } } } /// A future returned by [`Sender::send()`]. #[derive(Debug)] #[must_use = "futures do nothing unless .awaited"] pub struct Send<'a, T> { sender: &'a Sender<T>, listener: Option<EventListener>, msg: Option<T>, } impl<'a, T> Unpin for Send<'a, T> {} impl<'a, T> Future for Send<'a, T> { type Output = Result<(), SendError<T>>; fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> { let mut this = Pin::new(self); loop { let msg = this.msg.take().unwrap(); // Attempt to send a message. match this.sender.try_send(msg) { Ok(()) => { // If the capacity is larger than 1, notify another blocked send operation. match this.sender.channel.queue.capacity() { Some(1) => {} Some(_) | None => this.sender.channel.send_ops.notify(1), } return Poll::Ready(Ok(())); } Err(TrySendError::Closed(msg)) => return Poll::Ready(Err(SendError(msg))), Err(TrySendError::Full(m)) => this.msg = Some(m), } // Sending failed - now start listening for notifications or wait for one. match &mut this.listener { None => { // Start listening and then try receiving again. this.listener = Some(this.sender.channel.send_ops.listen()); } Some(l) => { // Wait for a notification. match Pin::new(l).poll(cx) { Poll::Ready(_) => { this.listener = None; continue; } Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending, } } } } } } /// A future returned by [`Receiver::recv()`]. #[derive(Debug)] #[must_use = "futures do nothing unless .awaited"] pub struct Recv<'a, T> { receiver: &'a Receiver<T>, listener: Option<EventListener>, } impl<'a, T> Unpin for Recv<'a, T> {} impl<'a, T> Future for Recv<'a, T> { type Output = Result<T, RecvError>; fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> { let mut this = Pin::new(self); loop { // Attempt to receive a message. match this.receiver.try_recv() { Ok(msg) => { // If the capacity is larger than 1, notify another blocked receive operation. // There is no need to notify stream operations because all of them get // notified every time a message is sent into the channel. match this.receiver.channel.queue.capacity() { Some(1) => {} Some(_) | None => this.receiver.channel.recv_ops.notify(1), } return Poll::Ready(Ok(msg)); } Err(TryRecvError::Closed) => return Poll::Ready(Err(RecvError)), Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => {} } // Receiving failed - now start listening for notifications or wait for one. match &mut this.listener { None => { // Start listening and then try receiving again. this.listener = Some(this.receiver.channel.recv_ops.listen()); } Some(l) => { // Wait for a notification. match Pin::new(l).poll(cx) { Poll::Ready(_) => { this.listener = None; continue; } Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending, } } } } } }