Struct async_std::path::Path [−][src]
A slice of a path.
This struct is an async version of std::path::Path
.
This type supports a number of operations for inspecting a path, including
breaking the path into its components (separated by /
on Unix and by either
/
or \
on Windows), extracting the file name, determining whether the path
is absolute, and so on.
This is an unsized type, meaning that it must always be used behind a
pointer like &
or Box
. For an owned version of this type,
see PathBuf
.
More details about the overall approach can be found in the module documentation.
Examples
use std::path::Path; use std::ffi::OsStr; // Note: this example does work on Windows let path = Path::new("./foo/bar.txt"); let parent = path.parent(); assert_eq!(parent, Some(Path::new("./foo"))); let file_stem = path.file_stem(); assert_eq!(file_stem, Some(OsStr::new("bar"))); let extension = path.extension(); assert_eq!(extension, Some(OsStr::new("txt")));
Implementations
impl Path
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pub fn new<S: AsRef<OsStr> + ?Sized>(s: &S) -> &Path
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Directly wraps a string slice as a Path
slice.
This is a cost-free conversion.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; Path::new("foo.txt");
You can create Path
s from String
s, or even other Path
s:
use async_std::path::Path; let string = String::from("foo.txt"); let from_string = Path::new(&string); let from_path = Path::new(&from_string); assert_eq!(from_string, from_path);
pub fn as_os_str(&self) -> &OsStr
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Returns the underlying OsStr
slice.
Examples
use std::ffi::OsStr; use async_std::path::Path; let os_str = Path::new("foo.txt").as_os_str(); assert_eq!(os_str, OsStr::new("foo.txt"));
pub fn to_str(&self) -> Option<&str>
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Returns a &str
slice if the Path
is valid unicode.
This conversion may entail doing a check for UTF-8 validity. Note that validation is performed because non-UTF-8 strings are perfectly valid for some OS.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("foo.txt"); assert_eq!(path.to_str(), Some("foo.txt"));
pub fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> Cow<'_, str>
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Converts a Path
to a Cow<str>
.
Any non-Unicode sequences are replaced with
U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
.
Examples
Calling to_string_lossy
on a Path
with valid unicode:
use async_std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("foo.txt"); assert_eq!(path.to_string_lossy(), "foo.txt");
Had path
contained invalid unicode, the to_string_lossy
call might
have returned "fo�.txt"
.
pub fn to_path_buf(&self) -> PathBuf
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Converts a Path
to an owned PathBuf
.
Examples
use async_std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; let path_buf = Path::new("foo.txt").to_path_buf(); assert_eq!(path_buf, PathBuf::from("foo.txt"));
pub fn is_absolute(&self) -> bool
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Returns true
if the Path
is absolute, i.e. if it is independent of
the current directory.
-
On Unix, a path is absolute if it starts with the root, so
is_absolute
andhas_root
are equivalent. -
On Windows, a path is absolute if it has a prefix and starts with the root:
c:\windows
is absolute, whilec:temp
and\temp
are not.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; assert!(!Path::new("foo.txt").is_absolute());
pub fn is_relative(&self) -> bool
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Returns true
if the Path
is relative, i.e. not absolute.
See is_absolute
’s documentation for more details.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; assert!(Path::new("foo.txt").is_relative());
pub fn has_root(&self) -> bool
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Returns true
if the Path
has a root.
-
On Unix, a path has a root if it begins with
/
. -
On Windows, a path has a root if it:
- has no prefix and begins with a separator, e.g.
\windows
- has a prefix followed by a separator, e.g.
c:\windows
but notc:windows
- has any non-disk prefix, e.g.
\\server\share
- has no prefix and begins with a separator, e.g.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; assert!(Path::new("/etc/passwd").has_root());
pub fn parent(&self) -> Option<&Path>
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Returns the Path
without its final component, if there is one.
Returns None
if the path terminates in a root or prefix.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/foo/bar"); let parent = path.parent().unwrap(); assert_eq!(parent, Path::new("/foo")); let grand_parent = parent.parent().unwrap(); assert_eq!(grand_parent, Path::new("/")); assert_eq!(grand_parent.parent(), None);
pub fn ancestors(&self) -> Ancestors<'_>ⓘ
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Produces an iterator over Path
and its ancestors.
The iterator will yield the Path
that is returned if the parent
method is used zero
or more times. That means, the iterator will yield &self
, &self.parent().unwrap()
,
&self.parent().unwrap().parent().unwrap()
and so on. If the parent
method returns
None
, the iterator will do likewise. The iterator will always yield at least one value,
namely &self
.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; let mut ancestors = Path::new("/foo/bar").ancestors(); assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("/foo/bar").into())); assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("/foo").into())); assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), Some(Path::new("/").into())); assert_eq!(ancestors.next(), None);
pub fn file_name(&self) -> Option<&OsStr>
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Returns the final component of the Path
, if there is one.
If the path is a normal file, this is the file name. If it’s the path of a directory, this is the directory name.
Returns None
if the path terminates in ..
.
Examples
use std::ffi::OsStr; use async_std::path::Path; assert_eq!(Some(OsStr::new("bin")), Path::new("/usr/bin/").file_name()); assert_eq!(Some(OsStr::new("foo.txt")), Path::new("tmp/foo.txt").file_name()); assert_eq!(Some(OsStr::new("foo.txt")), Path::new("foo.txt/.").file_name()); assert_eq!(Some(OsStr::new("foo.txt")), Path::new("foo.txt/.//").file_name()); assert_eq!(None, Path::new("foo.txt/..").file_name()); assert_eq!(None, Path::new("/").file_name());
pub fn strip_prefix<P>(&self, base: P) -> Result<&Path, StripPrefixError> where
P: AsRef<Path>,
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P: AsRef<Path>,
Returns a path that becomes self
when joined onto base
.
Errors
If base
is not a prefix of self
(i.e., starts_with
returns false
), returns Err
.
Examples
use async_std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; let path = Path::new("/test/haha/foo.txt"); assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/"), Ok(Path::new("test/haha/foo.txt"))); assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test"), Ok(Path::new("haha/foo.txt"))); assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test/"), Ok(Path::new("haha/foo.txt"))); assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test/haha/foo.txt"), Ok(Path::new(""))); assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/test/haha/foo.txt/"), Ok(Path::new(""))); assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("test").is_ok(), false); assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix("/haha").is_ok(), false); let prefix = PathBuf::from("/test/"); assert_eq!(path.strip_prefix(prefix), Ok(Path::new("haha/foo.txt")));
pub fn starts_with<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, base: P) -> bool
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Determines whether base
is a prefix of self
.
Only considers whole path components to match.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/etc/passwd"); assert!(path.starts_with("/etc")); assert!(path.starts_with("/etc/")); assert!(path.starts_with("/etc/passwd")); assert!(path.starts_with("/etc/passwd/")); assert!(!path.starts_with("/e"));
pub fn ends_with<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, child: P) -> bool
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Determines whether child
is a suffix of self
.
Only considers whole path components to match.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/etc/passwd"); assert!(path.ends_with("passwd"));
pub fn file_stem(&self) -> Option<&OsStr>
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Extracts the stem (non-extension) portion of file_name
.
The stem is:
None
, if there is no file name- The entire file name if there is no embedded
.
- The entire file name if the file name begins with
.
and has no other.
s within - Otherwise, the portion of the file name before the final
.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("foo.rs"); assert_eq!("foo", path.file_stem().unwrap());
pub fn extension(&self) -> Option<&OsStr>
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Extracts the extension of file_name
, if possible.
The extension is:
None
, if there is no file nameNone
, if there is no embedded.
None
, if the file name begins with.
and has no other.
s within- Otherwise, the portion of the file name after the final
.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("foo.rs"); assert_eq!("rs", path.extension().unwrap());
pub fn join<P: AsRef<Path>>(&self, path: P) -> PathBuf
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Creates an owned PathBuf
with path
adjoined to self
.
See PathBuf::push
for more details on what it means to adjoin a path.
Examples
use async_std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; assert_eq!(Path::new("/etc").join("passwd"), PathBuf::from("/etc/passwd"));
pub fn with_file_name<S: AsRef<OsStr>>(&self, file_name: S) -> PathBuf
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Creates an owned PathBuf
like self
but with the given file name.
See PathBuf::set_file_name
for more details.
Examples
use async_std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; let path = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt"); assert_eq!(path.with_file_name("bar.txt"), PathBuf::from("/tmp/bar.txt")); let path = Path::new("/tmp"); assert_eq!(path.with_file_name("var"), PathBuf::from("/var"));
pub fn with_extension<S: AsRef<OsStr>>(&self, extension: S) -> PathBuf
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Creates an owned PathBuf
like self
but with the given extension.
See PathBuf::set_extension
for more details.
Examples
use async_std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; let path = Path::new("foo.rs"); assert_eq!(path.with_extension("txt"), PathBuf::from("foo.txt"));
pub fn components(&self) -> Components<'_>ⓘNotable traits for Components<'a>
impl<'a> Iterator for Components<'a> type Item = Component<'a>;
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Notable traits for Components<'a>
impl<'a> Iterator for Components<'a> type Item = Component<'a>;
Produces an iterator over the Component
s of the path.
When parsing the path, there is a small amount of normalization:
-
Repeated separators are ignored, so
a/b
anda//b
both havea
andb
as components. -
Occurrences of
.
are normalized away, except if they are at the beginning of the path. For example,a/./b
,a/b/
,a/b/.
anda/b
all havea
andb
as components, but./a/b
starts with an additionalCurDir
component. -
A trailing slash is normalized away,
/a/b
and/a/b/
are equivalent.
Note that no other normalization takes place; in particular, a/c
and a/b/../c
are distinct, to account for the possibility that b
is a symbolic link (so its parent isn’t a
).
Examples
use std::ffi::OsStr; use async_std::path::{Path, Component}; let mut components = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt").components(); assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::RootDir)); assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::Normal(OsStr::new("tmp")))); assert_eq!(components.next(), Some(Component::Normal(OsStr::new("foo.txt")))); assert_eq!(components.next(), None);
pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_>ⓘ
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Produces an iterator over the path’s components viewed as OsStr
slices.
For more information about the particulars of how the path is separated
into components, see components
.
Examples
use std::ffi::OsStr; use async_std::path::{self, Path}; let mut it = Path::new("/tmp/foo.txt").iter(); assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new(&path::MAIN_SEPARATOR.to_string()))); assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new("tmp"))); assert_eq!(it.next(), Some(OsStr::new("foo.txt"))); assert_eq!(it.next(), None)
pub fn display(&self) -> Display<'_>
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Returns an object that implements Display
for safely printing paths
that may contain non-Unicode data.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/tmp/foo.rs"); println!("{}", path.display());
pub async fn metadata(&self) -> Result<Metadata>
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Reads the metadata of a file or directory.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the destination file.
This is an alias to fs::metadata
.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/Minas/tirith"); let metadata = path.metadata().await?; println!("{:?}", metadata.file_type());
pub async fn symlink_metadata(&self) -> Result<Metadata>
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Reads the metadata of a file or directory without following symbolic links.
This is an alias to fs::symlink_metadata
.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/Minas/tirith"); let metadata = path.symlink_metadata().await?; println!("{:?}", metadata.file_type());
pub async fn canonicalize(&self) -> Result<PathBuf>
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Returns the canonical form of a path.
The returned path is in absolute form with all intermediate components normalized and symbolic links resolved.
This is an alias to fs::canonicalize
.
Examples
use async_std::path::{Path, PathBuf}; let path = Path::new("/foo/test/../test/bar.rs"); assert_eq!(path.canonicalize().await?, PathBuf::from("/foo/test/bar.rs"));
pub async fn read_link(&self) -> Result<PathBuf>
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Reads a symbolic link, returning the file that the link points to.
This is an alias to fs::read_link
.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; let path = Path::new("/laputa/sky_castle.rs"); let path_link = path.read_link().await?;
pub async fn read_dir(&self) -> Result<ReadDir>
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Returns a stream over the entries within a directory.
The stream will yield instances of io::Result
<
DirEntry
>
. New
errors may be encountered after an iterator is initially constructed.
This is an alias to fs::read_dir
.
Examples
use async_std::fs; use async_std::path::Path; use async_std::prelude::*; let path = Path::new("/laputa"); let mut dir = fs::read_dir(&path).await?; while let Some(res) = dir.next().await { let entry = res?; println!("{}", entry.file_name().to_string_lossy()); }
pub async fn exists(&self) -> bool
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Returns true
if the path points at an existing entity.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the
destination file. In case of broken symbolic links this will return false
.
If you cannot access the directory containing the file, e.g., because of a
permission error, this will return false
.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; assert_eq!(Path::new("does_not_exist.txt").exists().await, false);
See Also
This is a convenience function that coerces errors to false. If you want to check errors, call fs::metadata.
pub async fn is_file(&self) -> bool
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Returns true
if the path exists on disk and is pointing at a regular file.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the
destination file. In case of broken symbolic links this will return false
.
If you cannot access the directory containing the file, e.g., because of a
permission error, this will return false
.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; assert_eq!(Path::new("./is_a_directory/").is_file().await, false); assert_eq!(Path::new("a_file.txt").is_file().await, true);
See Also
This is a convenience function that coerces errors to false. If you want to check errors, call fs::metadata and handle its Result. Then call fs::Metadata::is_file if it was Ok.
pub async fn is_dir(&self) -> bool
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Returns true
if the path exists on disk and is pointing at a directory.
This function will traverse symbolic links to query information about the
destination file. In case of broken symbolic links this will return false
.
If you cannot access the directory containing the file, e.g., because of a
permission error, this will return false
.
Examples
use async_std::path::Path; assert_eq!(Path::new("./is_a_directory/").is_dir().await, true); assert_eq!(Path::new("a_file.txt").is_dir().await, false);
See Also
This is a convenience function that coerces errors to false. If you want to check errors, call fs::metadata and handle its Result. Then call fs::Metadata::is_dir if it was Ok.
pub fn into_path_buf(self: Box<Path>) -> PathBuf
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Trait Implementations
impl AsRef<OsStr> for Path
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impl AsRef<Path> for Components<'_>
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impl AsRef<Path> for Component<'_>
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impl AsRef<Path> for Iter<'_>
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impl AsRef<Path> for Path
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impl AsRef<Path> for str
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impl AsRef<Path> for String
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impl AsRef<Path> for PathBuf
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impl AsRef<Path> for Path
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impl Borrow<Path> for PathBuf
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impl Debug for Path
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impl Eq for Path
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impl From<&'_ Path> for Arc<Path>
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fn from(s: &Path) -> Arc<Path>
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Converts a Path into a Rc by copying the Path data into a new Rc buffer.
impl<'a> From<&'a Path> for &'a Path
[src]
impl Hash for Path
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fn hash<__H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut __H)
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pub fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H) where
H: Hasher,
1.3.0[src]
H: Hasher,
impl<'a> Into<&'a Path> for &'a Path
[src]
impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a Path
[src]
type Item = &'a OsStr
The type of the elements being iterated over.
type IntoIter = Iter<'a>
Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?